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Glossary of Terms -
With special thanks to all of our contributors.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A virus is an unwelcome, uninvited and unwanted malicious computer program that may do harm to your system. Some viruses can spread from computer to computer. Most viruses will infect computer systems and pass from computer to computer without the knowledge or interaction of the owner of the computer system. There are other viruses that do little, if any, harm to individual systems but may cause damage and/or inconvenience to users online by clogging up the Internet with unnecessary traffic.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
VLAN -
VLANs have several benefits: They are used to limit the size of broadcast domains, providing more effective LAN utilisation and protection against the effects of broadcast storms.
They can provide an opportunity to introduce security between LAN segments as inter-
They also provide flexibility as devices can be relocated across a campus LAN and remain on the same subnet.
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 messaging protocol that
manages the addition, deletion, and renaming of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN)
on a network-
The comparable IEEE standard in use by other manufacturers is GVRP or the more recent MVRP.
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a way to provide Ethernet based multipoint
to multipoint communication over IP/MPLS networks. It allows geographically dispersed
sites to share an Ethernet broadcast domain by connecting sites through pseudo-
VPLS is a virtual private network (VPN) technology. In contrast to L2TPv3, which
allows only point-
In a VPLS, the local area network (LAN) at each site is extended to the edge of the provider network. The provider network then emulates a switch or bridge to connect all of the customer LANs to create a single bridged LAN.
Virtual Switching System (VSS)
A VSS is network system virtualization technology that pools multiple Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches into one virtual switch, increasing operational efficiency, boosting nonstop communications, and scaling system bandwidth capacity to 1.4 Tbps. At the initial phase, a VSS will allow two physical Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches to operate as a single logical virtual switch called a virtual switching system 1440 (VSS1440).
VoIP is a term used in networking for a set of facilities for managing the delivery
of voice traffic using the Internet Protocol (IP). In general, this means sending
voice information in digital form in discrete IP packets rather than in the traditional
circuit-
The packetised voice traffic is routed to other users on the local or wide area network in the same way and alongside any other forms of data. Devices known as Codecs and gateways are used to decode the data so that voice can be delivered to telephones, PBXs or the PSTN (public switched telephone network)
VoIP has suffered historically, from the fact that it had been hyped to deliver more than its capabilities and voice quality was variable. However new techniques and standards has meant that VoIP is now a stable and reliable technology.
Usually refers to a network in which some of the parts are connected using the public Internet, but the data sent across the Internet is encrypted, so the entire network is "virtually" private.
VPN Tunnelling -
One approach to tunnelling is the Point-
Tunnelling, and the use of a VPN, is not intended as a substitute for encryption/decryption. In cases where a high level of security is necessary, the strongest possible encryption should be used within the VPN itself, and tunnelling should serve only as a convenience.
VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)
Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is a technology included in IP network routers that allows multiple instances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously. This increases functionality by allowing network paths to be segmented without using multiple devices. Because traffic is automatically segregated, VRF also increases network security and can eliminate the need for encryption and authentication. Internet service providers (ISPs) often take advantage of VRF to create separate virtual private networks (VPNs) for customers; thus the technology is also referred to as VPN routing and forwarding.
VRF acts like a logical router, but while a logical router may include many routing tables, a VRF instance uses only a single routing table. In addition, VRF requires a forwarding table that designates the next hop for each data packet, a list of devices that may be called upon to forward the packet, and a set of rules and routing protocols that govern how the packet is forwarded. These tables prevent traffic from being forwarded outside a specific VRF path and also keep out traffic that should remain outside the VRF path.
In computer security, the term vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system's Information Assurance. Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw. To be vulnerable, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. In this frame, vulnerability is also known as the attack surface.
A security risk may be classified as a vulnerability. A vulnerability with one or
more known instances of working and fully-
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